Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN colonization of rice endosphere triggers an atypical transcriptomic response compared to rice native Burkholderia s.l. endophytes

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37314-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endophytic colonization of rice roots by PsJN. ( a ) Population dynamics of DsRed-tagged PsJN associated with rice roots. The data reported are the median of bacterial population size from 9 plants for 1 dpi and 18 plants-conducted in two independent experiments- for 7 and 14 dpi. and 5 plants. For the endophytic compartment the data correspond to 5 biological replicates ( b ) Colonization of rice primary root picture by PsJN::pINGUS. White bar represents 1 mm. ( c ) Epifluorescence microscopy pictures of the colonization of rice primary roots at 7 days post-inoculation by PsJN::pIN29 cells. White bars represent 200 μm ( d ) Confocal microscopy picture of a cross-section of rice primary roots at 7 days post-inoculation by PsJN::pIN29 cells. White bars represent 200 μm.

Article Snippet: Primary roots were harvested at 7 dpi and mounted between slide and slips cover and directly examined with an Epifluorescence Nikon Eclipse Ni-E microscope.

Techniques: Epifluorescence Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Divergent Neural Activity in the VLPO During Anesthesia and Sleep

doi: 10.1002/advs.202203395

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anesthetics induce diverse modulation of Ca 2+ signals from individual GABAergic neurons in the vLPO. A) Schematic diagram depicting micro‐endoscopic recording of population Ca 2+ signal of GABAergic neurons in the vLPO. The GCaMP6‐expressing neurons were imaged using an epifluorescence microscope via an implanted GRIN lens. B) Representative field of view from an example imaging session. C) Example Ca 2+ signal (raw trace) from four simultaneously recorded neurons responding to the application of anesthetics. Each line is one neuron. The gray bar indicates the timing of the treatment. Scale bar, 10% ( ΔF / F 0 ) and 200 s. D) Statistical summary of the normalized modulation by each anesthetic. The normalized modulation index (NMI) was defined as the Ca 2+ signal (area under curve, AUC) after each treatment (10 min after each treatment, determined by DBI) minus the Ca 2+ signal during the baseline period (5 min before each treatment) divide by the sum of the two signals. Such that neurons inhibited by anesthetics will have a negative NMI, and the range of the NMI will be ≈ −1 to 1. The violin plots were a combination of kernel density plot (KDE) and box plot. The box plot shows a 25%∼75% range, the line shows a range within 1.5 IQR, and the dot represents the median. n = 359, 360, 303, and 375; p < 0.0001 for all comparison (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). E) Heat map showing the Ca 2+ signal of each neuron during baseline and the period with an adequate level of anesthesia (determined using the DBI measurement). The recording periods were spliced together, and the white line indicates the splicing point (same for all heatmap plots in the following figures). Neurons were sorted by the NMI. F) Pie chart showing the percentage of neurons modulated by each anesthetic (up). Distribution of the NMI induced by each treatment (low).

Article Snippet: The fluorescence images were captured using an epifluorescence microscope (VS120, Olympus) or a confocal microscope (Eclipse Ni‐E or Ti‐E, Nikon).

Techniques: Expressing, Microscopy, Imaging, Comparison